ABSTRACT
This study started with the comprehensive experimental research and practice of pre-ventive medicine. Taking the school of public health of China Medical University as an example, this paper introduced the ideas, principles, and experience of reform and implementation of comprehensive experimen-tal teaching. The methods of comprehensive experiments construction and implementation were introduced, such as subjects, application, basic training, implementation, writing, replying and score. In addition, the comprehensive experimental topics (such as classic experiment, new technology experiment, interesting ex-periment and fund project experiment et al), and basic training (such as literature searching, epidemiology and statistical analysis, laboratory safety and quality of experimental data, network sharing et al) were pre-sented in detail. It gave the evaluation that the comprehensive experimental teaching played an important role in the process of improving the quality of teaching and formed a unique preventive medicine experi-mental teaching system and talent training mode.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This work explores the diurnal variation of Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and total solar radiation (TSR) in northeast China, using daily observations of UVR and TSR in Shenyang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>UVR and TSR measurements were carried out from March 1st, 2006 to December 31st, 2009 in Shenyang, Liaoning province, China (41°51' N, 123°27' E).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both TSR and UVR showed seasonal variation, reaching the highest levels in summer and the lowest in winter. They showed the greatest fluctuation in summer and autumn. The irradiance of TSR and UVR on clear days around the equinoxes and solstices increased substantially compared with the mean seasonal irradiance, especially in autumn. The whole day accumulated dose of UVR in winter was far less than that during the middle part of a summer day (i.e. between 10:00 and 14:00). It was also less than the accumulated summer dose of morning and afternoon (i.e. between 8:00 and 10:00 and 14:00 and 16:00).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The instant irradiance and daily accumulated amount of UVR are low in Shenyang, especially in autumn and winter. Thus concern about the health effects arising because shortage of UVR in northeast China is warranted.</p>
Subject(s)
China , Radiation Monitoring , Seasons , Sunlight , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the respiratory system injury in fur processing environment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Environmental fungal survey was conducted in the fur processing procedures. Investigation of respiratory symptoms and chest X-ray examination were also carried out in 138 fur processing workers and 40 control workers. At the same time, the serum antibodies to fungi were analyzed by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fungal number(629-3,681 cfu/m3) in fur processing procedures was much higher than those in the control environment. Cladosporium and Alternaria were the leading strains of fungi in fur processing procedures. The rates of respiratory symptoms(cough, sputum, chest tightness, dyspnea, and fever) in fur processing workers were higher than those in the control workers. The rates of the symptoms in female workers were 37.9%, 28.4%, 10.5%, 22.1%, 4.2%, respectively. Abnormalities of chest X ray were found in 7 workers. The serum antibodies to Cladosporium and Alternaria(A450 nm 0.631, 0.724, respectively) in fur workers were significantly higher than those in the control workers(P < 0.05). The positive rates of the antibodies to Cladosporium and Alternaria(44.2%, 42.8%) were significantly higher than those in the control workers(P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cladosporium and Alternaria may be the pathogens of occupational respiratory diseases in fur processing workers.</p>